1.德国：联邦制大陆法系,民法典为核心
(1)核心法规：民法典（BGB）、《对外贸易与支付条例》（AWV）、供应链尽职调查法（LkSG）、欧盟《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）
(2)检索资源：Gesetze im Internet、EUR-Lex（欧盟法）、Beck-Online等
(3)实务提示：德国法律修订频繁，务必核对版本日期
1. Germany: A federal civil law system centered on the Civil Code
(1)Key Laws: German Civil Code (BGB); Foreign Trade and Payments Ordinance (AWV); Supply Chain Due Diligence Act (LkSG); General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
(2)Search Resources: Gesetze im Internet, EUR-Lex (EU law), Beck-Online, etc.
(3)Practical Tips: German laws are frequently amended; be sure to verify the version date.
2.法国：单一制大陆法系
(1)核心法规：《法国货币和金融法典》、《法国劳动法典》、欧盟《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）
(2)检索资源：Légifrance、EUR-Lex（欧盟法）等
(3)实务提示：法国最高行政法院（Conseil d'État）判例对理解法规适用至关重要
2. France: Unitary Civil Law System
(1)Key Laws: French Monetary and Financial Code; French Labor Code; General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
(2)Search Resources: Légifrance, EUR-Lex (EU law), etc.
(3)Practical Tips: Case law from the French Council of State (Conseil d'État) is crucial for understanding the application of the law
3.日本：大陆法系+本土特色
(1)核心法规：《外汇及外国贸易法》、公司法、个人信息保护法、《经济安全保障推进法》、民事再生法
(2)检索资源：e-Gov法令检索、JETRO投资指南等
(3)实务提示：2024年起日本对华半导体出口管制升级，《外汇及外国贸易法》修订频繁，建议订阅METI邮件通知
3. Japan: Civil Law System + Local Characteristics
(1)Key Laws: Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act; Companies Act; Act on the Protection of Personal Information; Economic Security Promotion Act; Civil Rehabilitation Act
(2)Search Resources: e-Gov Legislation Search, JETRO Investment Guide, etc.
(3)Practical Tips: Starting in 2024, Japan will tighten export controls on semiconductors to China, and the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act is frequently amended; it is recommended to subscribe to METI email notifications
4.韩国：大陆法系
(1)核心法规：外国人投资促进法（FIPA）、公平交易法、个人信息保护法（PIPA）、商法
(2)检索资源：韩国法律信息中心、韩国最高法院等
(3)实务提示：韩国近期对外汇规则作出一系列重要调整，建议关注新规讯息
4. South Korea: Civil Law System
(1)Key Laws: Foreign Investment Promotion Act (FIPA); Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act; Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA); Commercial Act
(2)Search Resources: Korea Law Information Center, The Supreme Court of Korea , etc.
(3)Practical Tips: South Korea has recently made a series of significant adjustments to its foreign exchange regulations; it is recommended to stay informed about updates to these regulations.
5.俄罗斯：大陆法系，受苏联法影响
(1)核心法规：外商投资法、战略领域外商投资法、联邦个人数据法、联邦知识产权法
(2)检索资源：GARANT、ConsultantPlus、俄罗斯法律信息局（RAPSI）等
(3)实务提示：国际形势导致法律信息更新滞后，建议通过当地合作律所二次确认
5. Russia: Civil law system, influenced by Soviet law
(1)Key Laws: Foreign Investment Law; Law on Foreign Investment in Strategic Entities; Russian Personal Data Law/152-FZ; Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Part Four
(2)Search Resources: GARANT, ConsultantPlus, Russian Agency of Legal and Judicial Information (RAPSI), etc.
(3)Practical Tips: Due to the international situation, legal information updates may be delayed; it is recommended to verify information through a local partner law firm.
6.泰国：大陆法系
(1)核心法规：外国人经商法（FBA 1999）、投资促进法、土地法
(2)检索资源：泰国皇家公报、BOI官网等
(3)实务提示：2026年6月30日，泰国在荷兰外交部寄存了加入《海牙认证公约》的文件，待海牙国际私法会议官方确认具体加入日期。
6. Thailand: Civil Law System
(1)Key Laws: Foreign Business Act (FBA 1999); Investment Promotion Act, B.E.2542(1999); Land Code
(2)Search Resources: Royal Thai Government Gazette, BOI official website, etc.
(3)Practical Tips: On June 30, 2026, Thailand deposited its instrument of Accession Convention to the Hague Apostille Convention with the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, pending official confirmation of the specific date of accession by the Hague Conference on Private International Law.