（图源：tiktok.com）
如果你是一名在海外平台创作内容的博主，发现自己的视频未经许可出现在抖音等中国平台上，被删去水印、伪造成“原创”甚至用于商业变现，应该如何维权？以下从司法判例出发，梳理侵权性质、维权步骤的具体操作。
If you are a content creator on an overseas platform and find your videos reposted on Chinese platforms like Douyin, with watermarks removed, presented as “original”or even used for commercial profit, here is a practical legal guide based on real Chinese court cases.
一、真实的判例：中国博主搬运海外视频，法院判赔 / I. Cases: Chinese Courts Penalize Overseas Video Plagiarism
（图源：百度百科）
民事判例（北京互联网法院）：原告张某长期发布好物推荐类短视频，视频均首发于境外短视频平台TikTok，粉丝数超百万。被告梁某下载张某发布的100条短视频，剔除原视频片尾署名水印后发布至抖音平台，共搬运100条，粉丝超过35万，借助视频流量开展商品带货，获取商业收益。
Civil case (Beijing Internet Court): Plaintiff Zhang, a TikTok creator with over 1 million followers, published 100 product recommendation videos exclusively on TikTok. Defendant Liang downloaded them, removed the watermark and creator credits, and reposted all 100 videos on Douyin, gaining over 350,000 followers and earning commercial revenue through product sales.
法院认定：受《伯尔尼公约》约束，境外平台发布的合法作品同样受我国著作权法保护；被告删除创作者标识擅自传播，侵害张某署名权以及信息网络传播权。
综合侵权规模、侵权获利情况，判令梁某赔偿经济损失50000元，并承担公证费、律师费等合理开支22500元；二审法院维持一审判决，对应具备独创性的视频折算后单条酌定赔偿约500元。
Ruling: Under the Berne Convention, lawful works published on overseas platforms are equally protected by China's Copyright Law. Considering the scale of infringement and illegal gains, the court ordered Liang to pay RMB 50,000 in economic damages and RMB 22,500 for reasonable enforcement expenses (notary and legal fees). The appellate court upheld the judgment, which averages roughly RMB 500 per original video.
刑事判例（浙江省嘉兴南湖区法院）：两名被告人朱某、汪某以营利为目的，未经著作权人许可，批量盗取、篡改、传播影视短视频资源，通过修改剧名、封面、剪辑片段的方式规避审核并对外传播，累计非法获利 39 万余元。法院依据《刑法》侵犯著作权罪相关规定，认定二人情节严重，判处有期徒刑二年、缓刑二年六个月，并各处罚金共计38万元。
Criminal Case (Nanhu District Court, Jiaxing, Zhejiang), Facts: For commercial profit and without copyright owners' permission, the defendants, Mr. Zhu and Mr. Wang, mass-stole, altered, and distributed short clips of movies and TV dramas. They bypassed platform filters by changing titles, cover images, and editing fragments, accumulating over RMB 390,000 in illegal gains.Ruling: Applying the Criminal Law regarding copyright infringement, the court found their actions "severe." Both were sentenced to two years in prison with a two-and-a-half-year probation, and ordered to pay a combined fine of RMB 380,000.
判决释放了明确信号：中国法院对搬运境外原创内容的行为，持实质否定态度，不以平台境内外差异为免责理由。
These rulings send a clear signal: Chinese courts strictly condemn the unauthorized re-uploading of overseas original content. Geographical or platform differences do not exempt infringers from liability.
二、侵犯了哪些权利？/ II. What Rights Are Infringed?
1.信息网络传播权：未经许可将作品上传至开放网络平台，使公众可在选定时间地点获取，即构成侵权。传播范围不限于境内网络。
1.Right of Communication through Information Networks: Uploading a work to an open network platform without authorization, allowing the public to access it at a time and place of their choosing, constitutes infringement. This applies regardless of whether the audience is inside or outside China.
2.署名权：去除原作者的署名或水印，直接侵害署名权。
2.Right of Authorship: Stripping the original author's name or watermark directly violates their right of attribution.
3.改编权：对原视频进行剪辑、配音、替换素材等改动，可能同时侵害改编权。
3.Right of Adaptation: Editing, dubbing, or altering materials in the original video may simultaneously infringe upon the right of adaptation.
4.不正当竞争：如果侵权方长期依靠搬运内容作为核心商业模式、抢夺权利人商业机会时，将会被认定构成不正当竞争。
4.Unfair Competition: If the infringing party relies on content scraping as its core business model to siphon commercial opportunities from the rightful owner, it constitutes unfair competition under Chinese law.
5.刑事责任：以营利为目的，非法经营数额达到5万元以上或者违法所得3万元以上，符合侵犯著作权罪入罪条件。
5.Criminal Liability: For profit-driven infringements, an illegal business revenue of RMB 50,000+ or illegal gains of RMB 30,000+ meets the threshold for criminal prosecution.
三、维权四步：从取证到诉讼 / III. Four Steps to Enforcement: From Evidence to Litigation
（图源：douyin.com）
第一步：固定电子证据（最关键）
立即对侵权账号、视频、主页信息进行录屏、截图，完整记录发布时间、播放量、点赞数、评论、账号简介及商业链接。建议采用以下方式增强证据效力：
时间戳取证：通过权利卫士、存证云等平台对侵权页面进行录屏存证。
公证保全：如条件允许，委托国内公证处对侵权页面进行网页公证，证明力最高。
Step 1: Secure Digital Evidence (Most Critical)
Immediately capture screen recordings and screenshots of the infringing account, videos, and homepage. Document the publication time, view counts, likes, comments, account bio, and commercial links.
Use trusted timestamp services (e.g., Quanli Weishi , Cunnar) to capture infringing pages.
If feasible, engage a Chinese notary office to perform web notarisation, which carries the highest evidentiary weight.
第二步：平台投诉（快速下架）
通过抖音等平台的知识产权保护渠道提交侵权投诉。平台通常要求提供权利证明（原创首发证明、创作过程记录）、侵权链接及对比说明。此路径可快速下架侵权内容，但无法获得赔偿。
Step 2: Platform Takedowns (Fast Removal)
Submit copyright complaints through the intellectual property protection channels of platforms like Douyin. Platforms typically require proof of rights (e.g., proof of original publication, creation logs), links to the infringing content, and a comparison statement. This method quickly removes infringing content but does not yield financial compensation.
第三步：发律师函（施压谈判）
委托中国律师向侵权方发送律师函，列明侵权事实、法律依据及赔偿主张，限期停止侵权并协商赔偿。部分案件在此阶段即可达成和解。
Step 3: Cease-and-Desist Letters (Pressure & Negotiation)
Hire a Chinese attorney to send a formal cease-and-desist letter to the infringer. The letter should detail the infringing facts, legal grounds, and compensation claims, setting a deadline for compliance and settlement talks. Many disputes are settled at this stage.
第四步：提起诉讼（实质追责）
如协商未果，可向被告住所地或侵权行为实施地（包括实施被诉侵权行为的计算机等信息设备所在地）的人民法院提起著作权侵权诉讼。北京、杭州、广州三家互联网法院对辖区内特定类型案件有管辖权，且具备成熟的在线诉讼系统，支持跨境立案、电子送达、远程开庭。
Step 4: File a Lawsuit (Substantive Accountability)
If negotiations fail, a lawsuit can be filed in the people's court where the defendant resides or where the infringement occurred (including the location of network servers or devices used). The three specialized Internet Courts in Beijing, Hangzhou, and Guangzhou handle specific internet-related cases within their jurisdictions, supporting cross-border case filing, electronic service of process, and remote hearings.
可主张的赔偿范围包括：实际损失、侵权违法所得、合理维权开支（律师费、公证费、差旅费）。若侵权方主观故意且情节严重，可以主张一倍至五倍惩罚性赔偿。
Claimable Damages: Includes actual losses, the infringer's illegal gains, or reasonable enforcement expenses (attorney fees, notarization fees, travel costs). If the infringement is intentional and severe, punitive damages ranging from one to five times the base damages can be claimed.
四、外国创作者在中国跨境维权的实务要点 / IV. Practical Key Points for Foreign Creators in Cross-Border Enforcement
委托中国律师：海牙公约缔约国出具的证据材料办理《海牙公约公证》（Apostille）；非海牙公约国家的材料需要办理中国使领馆认证。缔约国名单和程序见另一篇文章（https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Ho7ffdgoG6F_OG5cRrlVwg）。
Engage a Chinese lawyer: Evidence from countries party to the Hague Convention must be authenticated with an Apostille; for non-Hague countries, consular legalisation by a Chinese embassy. See another article for the Contracting States list and procedures of the Hague Convention.
时效问题：著作权侵权诉讼时效为三年，自知道或应当知道权利被侵害之日起计算。建议尽早启动维权，避免因时间过长导致取证困难或超过时效。
Statute of limitations: The limitation period for copyright infringement is 3 years, counted from when the right‑holder knew or should have known of the infringement. Act promptly to avoid evidentiary difficulties or time‑bar issues.
执行问题：中国法院判决生效后，如侵权方拒不履行，可申请强制执行（包括查封、冻结、划扣财产等措施）。
Enforcement: Once a Chinese judgment becomes final, if the infringer fails to comply, you may apply for enforcement (including asset seizure, freezing, and garnishment).
结语 / Conclusion
原创内容的价值在中国司法体系中受到明确保护。依据《伯尔尼公约》及中国著作权法，所有成员国国民的作品在中国境内享有同等著作权保护。无论权利人身处何地，只要侵权行为发生在中国境内（或侵权结果发生在中国），均可依法维权。建议及时固定证据和启动维权程序有效制止侵权并获得赔偿。
Original content is unequivocally protected under China’s judicial system. Under the Berne Convention and China’s Copyright Law, works by nationals of all member states enjoy the same copyright protection within China. Regardless of where the right‑holder resides, as long as the infringement occurs in China (or the infringing results occur in China), legal remedies are available. Preserve evidence and start the process without delay—both to stop the infringement and to recover compensation.