第140届广交会举办期间,余宇婷律师作为广州涉外法律咨询服务港驻场值班律师,收到了大量境外客商关于在华设立公司的咨询。围绕客商普遍关心的公司注册、知识产权保护及法律风险防控等核心问题,本文梳理高频咨询要点如下:
During the 140th Canton Fair, our duty lawyer Yu yuting at the Guangzhou Foreign-Related Legal Services Port addressed overseas investors' key concerns regarding company registration, intellectual property and legal compliance.

(图源:广交会官网)
问:外商想在中国注册公司可以吗?
答:可以。外商来华注册公司的五种常见形式及适用场景为:
1、外商独资企业:常见于跨境独立站贸易公司、境外数字科技企业在穗设立的全资子公司等。
2、中外合资经营企业:常见于中外合资汽车零部件制造、高端医疗器械诊疗中心等。
3、外商投资合伙企业:常见于美元背景的跨境创业投资合伙企业等。
4、外国公司分支机构:常见于外资银行广州分行、国际检验集团中国分公司等。
5、外国企业常驻代表机构:常见于境外品牌驻广州联络办事处。代表处不得从事营利性经营活动。
Q1: Can Foreign Investors Set Up Companies in China?
Yes. Common entity types include:
1.Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise (WFOE): For foreign e-commerce entities and tech subsidiaries.
2.Sino-Foreign Joint Venture (JV): For auto parts manufacturing and medical centers.
3.Foreign-Invested Partnership (FIP): For cross-border venture capital funds.
4.Branch Office of a Foreign Company: For foreign banks and international inspection firms.
5.Representative Office (RO): Liaison offices for overseas brands (profit-making activities prohibited).
问:外商来华设立公司需要做什么?怎么才能合规经营?
答:有如下的多个方面注意事项:
1、注册营业执照:需要在中国境内注册营业执照。提交境外投资者主体资格证明、公司章程、法定代表人任职文件、最终受益人信息及真实商业租赁合同。
2、开立银行账户:可以依法开立人民币基本存款账户及外汇资本金账户用于投资款项和交易款项的处分。
3、相关备案:比如需要向涉外管理局进行备案。
4、海关进出口资质:如有进出口需要,应办理海关进出口货物收发货人备案及对应专项行政许可。
5、税务问题:需要完成税务报到、税种核定与发票申领,建立合规账簿并按期进行纳税申报。税务如果出现问题不容小觑,轻则罚款,重则需要承担刑事责任。
*部分中国政府会设置企业税务优惠政策,可以选择对本行业有优惠政策的地区设立公司。以广州南沙为例,广州南沙先行启动区内符合条件的鼓励类产业企业可享15%企业所得税优惠税率,符合条件的境外高端人才可享受个税优惠补贴,但须满足实质性运营要求。
6、工作签证:拟在华任职的外籍人员,需要申请工作签证。
7、法律合规:可以聘请中国律师作为常年法律顾问,就公司章程、股权架构、劳动人事、合同审核、知识产权保护等方面助力合规经营。
Q2: What Are the Key Registration and Compliance Requirements?
1.Business License: Submit foreign investor qualification proofs, Articles of Association, legal representative docs, UBO details, and a valid lease contract.
2.Bank Accounts: Open RMB basic deposit and foreign exchange capital accounts.
3.Regulatory Filings: Complete foreign investment information reporting.
4.Customs Clearance: Obtain customs registration and permits for import and export.
5.Tax Compliance: Complete tax registration, accounting, and timely filings. Non-compliance risks fines or criminal liability. (Qualified foreign-invested enterprises in Nansha, Guangzhou enjoy a 15% preferential CIT rate under substance requirements.)
6.Work Permits: Foreign employees working in China must secure work permits and visas.
7.Legal Advisory: Engage Chinese legal counsel for foreign investment governance, labor, contracts, and IP compliance.

(图源:广交会官网)
问:注册公司和合规经营的时候有什么常见的法律风险?
答:有以下比较常见的法律风险,我们也提供了对应的合规指引:
1、不是所有行业都允许外商投资,有负面清单与黑名单核查。对照《外商投资准入特别管理措施(负面清单)》进行准入核查,如新闻机构禁止投资,电信、航空等领域存在股比或准入限制;同时排查境外股东或高管是否处于限制入境或失信黑名单。
2、虚假经营地址或更换地址后未及时更新工商登记信息会导致“经营异常”。注册地址必须真实合规,应有实际经营且提供真实有效的商业租赁合同。“经营异常”将影响银行开户、税务办理和工作签证等。
3、注册资本需要实缴,否则可能导致民事法律责任。中国的《公司法》第四十七条规定,有限责任公司认缴的出资额须自公司成立之日起五年内缴足。
4、需要确保真实交易与资金合规。确保每笔贸易背景真实、单据完整,严禁利用公司账户进行虚假贸易,防范反洗钱封户及刑事风险。
5、劳动用工的法律风险。中国的劳动法保障员工权利,公司违法开除员工将面临赔偿。同时,有很多用人单位的强制性义务企业可能会忽视导致投诉和处罚,比如社保缴纳、社保公积金缴纳等。另外,非法聘用外籍人员也存在很大的风险,企业可能面临行政处罚,企业资信也会受到负面影响。
6、知识产权需要“先登记、后使用”。中国实行商标与专利“申请在先”原则。境外企业在开展商业宣传或销售前,先完成商标与专利的登记注册,谨防恶意抢注。可关注中国同在的知识产权保护多边协议,比如两国都是PCT成员国的情况下,在一定时间内向另一个成员国提交专利申请,可以锁定申请日,保留优先权,防止等待期在该国被抢先申请。如发现自己已经被侵权了,要尽快固定证据,委托律师维权处理。
Q3: What Are the Main Legal Risks?
1.Market Access: Check the Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access for industry restrictions.
2.Registered Address: Maintain a genuine, compliant business address and update registration details promptly.
3.Capital Contributions: Under Article 47 of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China, shareholders of limited liability companies generally must pay subscribed capital contributions in full within five years of establishment.
4.Trade and Funds: Ensure genuine transactions, complete documentation and compliant fund flows to avoid regulatory and criminal risks.
5.Employment: Comply with labour laws, social insurance requirements and foreign employment regulations.
6.Intellectual Property: Register trademarks and patents in China promptly to reduce the risk of infringement and bad-faith registration. Preserve evidence and seek legal assistance when infringement occurs.

(图源:广交会官网)
结语 Conclusion
外商来华设立公司,应结合经营目的选择适当主体形式,备齐相关文件,并遵循合规要求。建议委托专业的律师或代理机构提供全流程服务。
Successful market entry requires an appropriate corporate structure, proper registration and ongoing legal compliance. Professional legal advice can help foreign investors manage risks and operate confidently in China.